{"id":3779,"date":"2021-09-05T19:24:19","date_gmt":"2021-09-05T17:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/?page_id=3779"},"modified":"2021-09-25T18:12:25","modified_gmt":"2021-09-25T16:12:25","slug":"mairie-d-almaty","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/activite\/mairie-d-almaty\/","title":{"rendered":"Mairie d\u2019Almaty"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3779\" class=\"elementor elementor-3779 elementor-3320\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bca2075 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bca2075\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e52b31\" data-id=\"6e52b31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12ada98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12ada98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 la t\u00eate de la mairie d\u2019Almaty<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77e7ba1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"77e7ba1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#2c2c2c;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 var(--divider-element-spacing);-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-icon{font-size:var(--divider-icon-size)}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider-separator{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:0;direction:ltr}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text .elementor-divider-separator:before{display:block;content:\"\";border-bottom:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:100;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:100;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider__element{margin-right:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-top:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3f8d09f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3f8d09f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e14e1cd\" data-id=\"e14e1cd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bda05d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bda05d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Le 15 juin 1997, Noursoultan Nazarbayev convoqua Viktor Khrapunov. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019avoir remerci\u00e9 pour le travail accompli depuis trois ans \u00e0 la t\u00eate du Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Energie, il lui proposa de devenir maire de la capitale du pays. Comme le veut la pratique dans un pays o\u00f9 tout est d\u00e9cid\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident-dictateur, Viktor Khrapunov entra dans ses nouvelles fonctions le lendemain d\u00e9j\u00e0.<\/p><p>La ville dont il reprenait les r\u00eanes se trouvait dans un \u00e9tat de d\u00e9labrement avanc\u00e9 :<\/p><p><strong>Caisses publiques vides<\/strong>. La ville manquait des ressources financi\u00e8res n\u00e9cessaires pour assurer l\u2019entretien des rues, des parcs, des espaces verts, des rivi\u00e8res, de l\u2019\u00e9clairage public, etc. Les salaires des employ\u00e9s publics \u00e9taient vers\u00e9s avec six \u00e0 huit mois de retard. Idem pour les pensions des retrait\u00e9s et les bourses des \u00e9tudiants. Faute de moyens, les \u00e9coles, les h\u00f4pitaux et les \u00e9tablissements culturels tournaient au ralenti.<\/p><p><strong>Urbanisation chaotique<\/strong>. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019effondrement du communisme, l\u2019augmentation rapide du trafic individuel avait rapidement satur\u00e9 le r\u00e9seau routier existant. Il manquait \u00e0 la ville un plan directeur, une r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire et la mobilit\u00e9 des habitants, des normes architecturales pour endiguer l\u2019enlaidissement progressif de l\u2019ensemble du patrimoine construit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20da6ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"20da6ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2589a62\" data-id=\"2589a62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0470f46 gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"0470f46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item{display:inline-block;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item img{margin:0 auto}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-item .gallery-caption{margin:0}.elementor-image-gallery figure img{display:block}.elementor-image-gallery figure figcaption{width:100%}.gallery-spacing-custom .elementor-image-gallery .gallery-icon{padding:0}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item{max-width:50%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item{max-width:33.33%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item{max-width:25%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item{max-width:20%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item{max-width:16.666%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item{max-width:14.28%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item{max-width:12.5%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item{max-width:11.11%}.elementor-image-gallery .gallery-columns-10 .gallery-item{max-width:10%}}@media (min-width:480px) and (max-width:767px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-10 .gallery-item{max-width:50%}}@media (max-width:479px){.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-2 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-3 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-4 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-5 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-6 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-7 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-8 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-9 .gallery-item,.elementor-image-gallery .gallery.gallery-columns-10 .gallery-item{max-width:100%}}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-1638 {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-1638 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\t\twidth: 16.66%;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-1638 img {\n\t\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-1638 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\/* see sc_gallery() in functions\/theme-shortcodes.php *\/\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='sc_gallery-1638' class='gallery element_classes galleryid-3779 gallery-columns-6 gallery-size-thumbnail file'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0470f46\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Usine abandonn\u00e9e \u00e0 Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU5NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvemFicm9zaGVubnlqLXphdm9kLWcuLWFsbWF0eS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIwNDcwZjQ2In0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-zavod-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-zavod-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Usine abandonn\u00e9e \u00e0 Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-zavod-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-zavod-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-zavod-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0470f46\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Usine abandonn\u00e9e \u00e0 Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzY2MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvemFicm9zaGVubnlqLWJldG9ubnlqLXphdm9kLWcuLWFsbWF0eS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIwNDcwZjQ2In0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-betonnyj-zavod-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-betonnyj-zavod-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Usine abandonn\u00e9e \u00e0 Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-betonnyj-zavod-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-betonnyj-zavod-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-betonnyj-zavod-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0470f46\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"La maternelle abandonn\u00e9e\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU5OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvemFicm9zaGVubnlqLWRldHNraWotc2FkLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjA0NzBmNDYifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"La maternelle abandonn\u00e9e\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0470f46\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"La maternelle abandonn\u00e9e\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzY3MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvemFicm9zaGVubnlqLWRldHNraWotc2FkMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIwNDcwZjQ2In0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad2.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"La maternelle abandonn\u00e9e\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad2-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennyj-detskij-sad2-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0470f46\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Stalle post-sovi\u00e9tique typique \u00e0 Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYwMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvdGlwaWNobnlqLXBvc3Rzb3ZldHNraWotbGFyZWstdi1nLi1hbG1hdHkuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMDQ3MGY0NiJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tipichnyj-postsovetskij-larek-v-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tipichnyj-postsovetskij-larek-v-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Stalle post-sovi\u00e9tique typique \u00e0 Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tipichnyj-postsovetskij-larek-v-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tipichnyj-postsovetskij-larek-v-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/tipichnyj-postsovetskij-larek-v-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0470f46\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"March\u00e9 des v\u00eatements \u00e0 Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYwNiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvdmVzY2hldm9qLXJ5bm9rLWcuLWFsbWF0eS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIwNDcwZjQ2In0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/veschevoj-rynok-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/veschevoj-rynok-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"March\u00e9 des v\u00eatements \u00e0 Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/veschevoj-rynok-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/veschevoj-rynok-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/veschevoj-rynok-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b6b8508 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b6b8508\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c21598e\" data-id=\"c21598e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d9004f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d9004f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Secteur industriel \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat<\/strong>. En quelques ann\u00e9es, suite \u00e0 l\u2019effondrement de l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique, des pans entiers de l\u2019\u00e9conomie kazakhe s\u2019effondr\u00e8rent. 200\u2019000 personnes perdirent leur emploi. Avec leurs proches (taille moyenne des familles \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque : 3,4 personnes), cela repr\u00e9sentait pr\u00e8s de 750\u2019000 personnes livr\u00e9es \u00e0 elles-m\u00eames et vivant dans le plus grand d\u00e9nuement.<\/p><p><strong>Chantiers \u00e0 l\u2019abandon<\/strong>. La ville \u00e9tait mit\u00e9e par de nombreux chantiers d\u2019immeubles dont la construction avait \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompue. La surface totale de ces chantiers \u00e0 l\u2019abandon repr\u00e9sentait pr\u00e8s de 850\u2019000 m<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p><p><strong>Coupures de courant<\/strong>. Pour g\u00e9rer la p\u00e9nurie d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, un syst\u00e8me de coupures planifi\u00e9es de courant \u00e9tait en vigueur, qui privait d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 les foyers en alternance, quartier par quartier. La nuit, des zones enti\u00e8res de la ville \u00e9taient plong\u00e9es dans le noir pendant des heures. L\u2019\u00e9clairage public des rues et des parcs ne fonctionnait que deux heures par nuit.<\/p><p><strong>P\u00e9nurie de gaz<\/strong>. L\u2019approvisionnement en gaz des foyers n\u2019\u00e9tait pas assur\u00e9. Des coupures de gaz r\u00e9guli\u00e8res laissaient des quartiers entiers sans chauffage. La v\u00e9tust\u00e9 des infrastructures de distribution du gaz provoquait des explosions fr\u00e9quentes d\u2019immeubles, avec mort d\u2019hommes.<\/p><p><strong>Poches de pauvret\u00e9 extr\u00eame<\/strong>. Aux fronti\u00e8res ext\u00e9rieures de la ville, \u00e0 l\u2019Est et \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest, des villages de tentes s\u2019\u00e9taient install\u00e9s, sortes de favellas. Plusieurs dizaines de milliers de personnes habitaient ces camps situ\u00e9s sur le territoire de la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Almaty et g\u00e9r\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s de cette derni\u00e8re.<\/p><p><strong>Population en col\u00e8re<\/strong>. Le m\u00e9contentement de la population s\u2019exprimait au travers de manifestations rassemblant des milliers de retrait\u00e9s, enseignants et m\u00e9decins en col\u00e8re contre les autorit\u00e9s. Ils occupaient les places de la ville et bloquaient d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment la circulation priv\u00e9e et les transports publics, finissant d\u2019asphyxier un centre ville d\u00e9j\u00e0 engorg\u00e9.<\/p><p><strong>Distribution sauvage de carburant<\/strong>. On rencontrait dans les rues d\u2019Almaty quelque 400 stations sauvages de distribution d\u2019essence. Ces conteneurs mobiles \u00e9taient hautement inflammables. Trafiqu\u00e9e et dilu\u00e9e avec des produits toxiques, l\u2019essence repr\u00e9sentait \u00e9galement une menace pour la sant\u00e9 de la population. Cette activit\u00e9 \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s lucrative : la mafia de l\u2019essence revendait le litre \u00e0 la population dix fois son prix d\u2019achat.<\/p><p><strong>Commerce de d\u00e9tail en proie aux mafias<\/strong>. La fin du communisme mit un terme \u00e0 l\u2019approvisionnement planifi\u00e9 de la ville en produits alimentaires et en biens de consommation courante. Le petit commerce individuel rempla\u00e7a le commerce d\u2019Etat, d\u2019abord de mani\u00e8re totalement chaotique. Plus de 18\u2019000 kiosques furent construits dans la ville, install\u00e9s sur les trottoirs. Chacun d\u2019eux assurait la subsistance d\u2019une dizaine de personnes en moyenne (180\u2019000 personnes au total). Sales et insalubres, ces kiosques enlaidissaient la ville et devinrent rapidement un foyer de la petite criminalit\u00e9. Les kiosquiers se faisaient racketter par des costauds locaux, plus ou moins organis\u00e9s en bandes. Il ne se passait pas un jour sans que la milice ne doive intervenir. La majorit\u00e9 des crimes recens\u00e9s sur le territoire du Kazakhstan se produisait dans la capitale.<\/p><p><strong>Fraude fiscale g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e<\/strong>. En 1997, la ville comptait plus de 110 march\u00e9s hors la loi, \u00e9chappant \u00e0 tout contr\u00f4le administratif ou fiscal. Ces march\u00e9s de gros, o\u00f9 l\u2019on trouvait tout, des voitures aux meubles, en passant par des appareils m\u00e9nagers, des v\u00eatements et des aliments, g\u00e9n\u00e9raient des milliards de dollars de chiffre d\u2019affaires, et des centaines de millions de dollars de b\u00e9n\u00e9fices annuels, r\u00e9alis\u00e9s enti\u00e8rement au noir.<\/p><p>Pour noircir encore ce tableau, la ville se vit retirer son statut de capitale en d\u00e9cembre 1997. A la mis\u00e8re \u00e9conomique et sociale s\u2019ajouta ainsi une d\u00e9prime g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e au sein de la population, convaincue que ses conditions de vie ne pouvaient que se d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer davantage encore. Au surplus, le transfert de la capitale p\u00e9jora encore un budget municipal d\u00e9j\u00e0 an\u00e9mique du fait que le pr\u00e9sident Nazarbayev emmena dans son sillage les grandes compagnies nationales qui \u00e9taient \u00e9galement les principaux contribuables de la ville. En 1998, le budget de la ville d\u2019Almaty (1,5 million d\u2019habitants), s\u2019\u00e9levait \u00e0 165 millions de dollars seulement.<\/p><p>En bref, lorsqu\u2019il entra en fonction, Viktor Khrapunov h\u00e9rita d\u2019une ville-\u00e9pave. Sit\u00f4t en place, il s\u2019entoura d\u2019une \u00e9quipe de sp\u00e9cialistes avec lesquels il analysa la situation et \u00e9labora un plan de redressement en 35 points. Les premi\u00e8res mesures urgentes furent financ\u00e9es par l\u2019emprunt. En parall\u00e8le, le maire et son \u00e9quipe prirent la d\u00e9cision strat\u00e9gique de miser sur la croissance \u00e9conomique pour renflouer les caisses de la ville. Une strat\u00e9gie qui s\u2019av\u00e9ra payante. En 1997, la ville comptait 7400 PME ; en 2004, lorsque Viktor Khrapunov quitta son poste, on en d\u00e9nombrait 148\u2019000. Cette progression fulgurante est \u00e0 la base du redressement de la ville. Les imp\u00f4ts pay\u00e9s par ces entreprises permirent d\u2019augmenter r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le budget de la ville, qui fit plus que doubler en sept ans, pour atteindre 360 millions de dollars en 2004.<\/p><p>En quelques ann\u00e9es, Almaty releva la t\u00eate, assainit ses finances et sortit de la crise. Elle devint le premier contributeur au budget de l\u2019Etat. En 2004, cette contribution atteignit le montant record de 1,65 milliard de dollars. Ce succ\u00e8s fut possible sans p\u00e9trole, sans ressources naturelles, uniquement gr\u00e2ce au dynamisme des PME d\u2019Almaty.<\/p><p>L\u2019explosion de l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique contr\u00f4l\u00e9e et fiscalement contr\u00f4lable fut la cons\u00e9quence d\u2019une modification r\u00e9glementaire \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue anodine. Avant 1997, il \u00e9tait interdit de changer l\u2019affectation d\u2019un appartement ou d\u2019un bureau pour en faire un magasin. Viktor Khrapunov d\u00e9cida d\u2019autoriser la transformation en locaux commerciaux des surfaces situ\u00e9es aux rez-de-chauss\u00e9e. Parall\u00e8lement, il prit une mesure radicale mais tr\u00e8s impopulaire : l\u2019interdiction des kiosques. La cons\u00e9quence fut imm\u00e9diate : l\u2019activit\u00e9 commerciale de la ville se d\u00e9pla\u00e7a des trottoirs vers les immeubles, o\u00f9 les autorit\u00e9s municipales pouvaient faire respecter ses r\u00e8glements, et le fisc pr\u00e9lever des imp\u00f4ts. Lorsque Viktor Khrapunov quitta la mairie en 2004, les kiosques avaient pratiquement tous disparu d\u2019Almaty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41870a7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41870a7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be44e37\" data-id=\"be44e37\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b967028 gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"b967028\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9423 {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9423 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\t\twidth: 16.66%;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9423 img {\n\t\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9423 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\/* see sc_gallery() in functions\/theme-shortcodes.php *\/\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='sc_gallery-9423' class='gallery element_classes galleryid-3779 gallery-columns-6 gallery-size-thumbnail file'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b967028\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Discours de V. Khrapunov aux fils des symboles de l&#039;\u00e9tat du Kazakhstan \u00e0 la nouvelle capitale Astana 1997\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYxNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvdnlzdHVwbGVuaWUtdi4taHJhcHVub3ZhLW5hLXByb3ZvZGFoLXNpbXZvbG92LWdvc3VkYXJzdHZhLWthemFoc3Rhbi12LW5vdnVqdS1zdG9saWN1LWFzdGFudS0xOTk3LWcuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjk2NzAyOCJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vystuplenie-v.-hrapunova-na-provodah-simvolov-gosudarstva-kazahstan-v-novuju-stolicu-astanu-1997-g.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vystuplenie-v.-hrapunova-na-provodah-simvolov-gosudarstva-kazahstan-v-novuju-stolicu-astanu-1997-g-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Discours de V. Khrapunov aux fils des symboles de l&#039;\u00e9tat du Kazakhstan \u00e0 la nouvelle capitale Astana 1997\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vystuplenie-v.-hrapunova-na-provodah-simvolov-gosudarstva-kazahstan-v-novuju-stolicu-astanu-1997-g-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vystuplenie-v.-hrapunova-na-provodah-simvolov-gosudarstva-kazahstan-v-novuju-stolicu-astanu-1997-g-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/vystuplenie-v.-hrapunova-na-provodah-simvolov-gosudarstva-kazahstan-v-novuju-stolicu-astanu-1997-g-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b967028\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Commerces civilis\u00e9s au rez-de-chauss\u00e9e d&#039;immeubles r\u00e9sidentiels \u00e0 Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYyMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvY2l2aWxpem92YW5ueWUtbWFnYXppbnktbmEtcGVydnloLWpldGF6aGFoLXpoaWx5aC16ZGFuaWotZy4tYWxtYXR5LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImI5NjcwMjgifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/civilizovannye-magaziny-na-pervyh-jetazhah-zhilyh-zdanij-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/civilizovannye-magaziny-na-pervyh-jetazhah-zhilyh-zdanij-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Commerces civilis\u00e9s au rez-de-chauss\u00e9e d&#039;immeubles r\u00e9sidentiels \u00e0 Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/civilizovannye-magaziny-na-pervyh-jetazhah-zhilyh-zdanij-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/civilizovannye-magaziny-na-pervyh-jetazhah-zhilyh-zdanij-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/civilizovannye-magaziny-na-pervyh-jetazhah-zhilyh-zdanij-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b967028\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYxOCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvYXZ0b3phcHJhdm9jaG5hamEtc3RhbmNpamEuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjk2NzAyOCJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/avtozapravochnaja-stancija.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/avtozapravochnaja-stancija-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/avtozapravochnaja-stancija-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/avtozapravochnaja-stancija-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/avtozapravochnaja-stancija-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b967028\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Centre commercial moderne \u00e0 Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYzMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvc292cmVtZW5ueWotdG9yZ292eWotY2VudHItdi1nLi1hbG1hdHkuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYjk2NzAyOCJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sovremennyj-torgovyj-centr-v-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sovremennyj-torgovyj-centr-v-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Centre commercial moderne \u00e0 Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sovremennyj-torgovyj-centr-v-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sovremennyj-torgovyj-centr-v-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sovremennyj-torgovyj-centr-v-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b967028\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Parc du XXIe si\u00e8cle, Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYzNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvcGFyay0yMS12ZWthLWcuLWFsbWF0eS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiOTY3MDI4In0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/park-21-veka-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/park-21-veka-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Parc du XXIe si\u00e8cle, Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/park-21-veka-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/park-21-veka-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/park-21-veka-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"b967028\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444-\u043a\u043b\u0443\u0431\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzY4MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvZ29sZi1rbHViLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImI5NjcwMjgifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/golf-klub.jpg'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/golf-klub-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\u0413\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0444-\u043a\u043b\u0443\u0431\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/golf-klub-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/golf-klub-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/golf-klub-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b07af2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b07af2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3cf805e\" data-id=\"3cf805e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c084e3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c084e3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u00e8s son entr\u00e9e en fonction, le maire s\u2019attaqua avec d\u00e9termination \u00e0 un autre foyer de criminalit\u00e9 et de fraudes : la mafia de l\u2019essence. Il fit interdire la vente sauvage d\u2019essence. Il attribua \u00e0 des investisseurs \u00e9trangers (Mobil, Texaco ou Lukoil) des parcelles de terrain pour qu\u2019ils y construisent de vraies stations d\u2019essence modernes, s\u00fbres, r\u00e9glement\u00e9es, soumises aux contr\u00f4les de la ville. Au total, 140 stations de ce type virent le jour. Elles remplac\u00e8rent les 400 stations ill\u00e9gales, toutes d\u00e9mantel\u00e9es. Bulat Nazarbayev, le fr\u00e8re du pr\u00e9sident qui en tirait des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices faramineux, s\u2019y \u00e9tait \u00e9nergiquement oppos\u00e9.<\/p><p>Pour parvenir \u00e0 leurs fins, le maire et son \u00e9quipe durent faire preuve de pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance et de courage. Viktor Khrapunov fut soumis \u00e0 de tr\u00e8s fortes pressions et re\u00e7ut des menaces. Durant les deux premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de son mandat, il v\u00e9cut sous la protection de cinq agents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 charg\u00e9s d\u2019assurer en permanence sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et celle de sa famille. Par la suite, le maire all\u00e9gea lui-m\u00eame le dispositif : il fut uniquement accompagn\u00e9 dans tous ses d\u00e9placements par un chauffeur de confiance.<\/p><p>Viktor Khrapunov s\u2019attaqua \u00e9galement aux march\u00e9s ill\u00e9gaux. Pendant son mandat, il r\u00e9ussit \u00e0 en faire fermer 34. Les enjeux financiers \u00e9taient tellement importants et les r\u00e9sistances si fortes qu\u2019il aurait d\u00fb pouvoir mener le combat pendant plusieurs ann\u00e9es suppl\u00e9mentaires pour esp\u00e9rer \u00e9radiquer compl\u00e8tement le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne. La bataille fut d\u2019autant plus difficile \u00e0 mener que ces bazars appartenaient \u00e0 des personnalit\u00e9s influentes, dont plusieurs parents proches du pr\u00e9sident Nazarbayev en personne : son fr\u00e8re, sa s\u0153ur, ses gendres, etc. Mais le maire ne se laissa pas intimider. Il voulait que la loi soit la m\u00eame pour tous. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019il fit preuve d\u2019intransigeance en faisant raser un bazar ill\u00e9galement construit par le fr\u00e8re du pr\u00e9sident, Bulat Nazarbayev, sur 4 hectares de terrain municipal. Il fit d\u00e9monter la cl\u00f4ture et transporter les 400 containers \u00e0 la voirie municipale. Cette action, accueillie tr\u00e8s favorablement par la population, valut \u00e0 Viktor Khrapunov un t\u00e9l\u00e9phone courrouc\u00e9 du pr\u00e9sident en personne, alert\u00e9 par son fr\u00e8re. Mais le maire ne c\u00e9da pas. Il finit m\u00eame par convaincre le pr\u00e9sident que le probl\u00e8me r\u00e9sidait dans le comportement ill\u00e9gal de son fr\u00e8re.<\/p><p>En mati\u00e8re d\u2019urbanisation, le maire s\u2019attaqua au mal par la racine en dotant la ville d\u2019un plan directeur afin de contr\u00f4ler le d\u00e9veloppement immobilier et de canaliser les flux de circulation. Ce plan pr\u00e9voyait, \u00e0 19 endroits, la construction d\u2019\u00e9changeurs routiers destin\u00e9s \u00e0 d\u00e9charger les carrefours n\u00e9vralgiques de la ville. Les chantiers des deux premiers furent rapidement lanc\u00e9s. En 7 ans, le maire fit construire une quinzaine de parkings pour 2000 places de parcs. Des dizaines de rues et d\u2019avenues furent construites, reconstruites ou r\u00e9nov\u00e9es. Au vu de l\u2019engorgement des art\u00e8res principales, d\u00e9cision fut prise de construire une route de contournement de la ville pour r\u00e9orienter le trafic de transit (pr\u00e8s de 60\u2019000 v\u00e9hicules par jour \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque). Le projet du m\u00e9tro d\u2019Almaty fut \u00e9galement lanc\u00e9 avec un budget de 800 millions de dollars, li\u00e9 \u00e0 une concession accord\u00e9e pour 25 ans \u00e0 la banque anglaise Depfa Bank afin de rentabiliser ses investissements. Le projet fut cependant abandonn\u00e9 par le successeur de Viktor Khrapunov.<\/p><p>L\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire posait \u00e9galement probl\u00e8me sur la couronne ext\u00e9rieure de la ville, dont la responsabilit\u00e9 incombait aux autorit\u00e9s de la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Almaty, tr\u00e8s laxiste en mati\u00e8re de permis de construire. De nombreuses villas individuelles y avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 construites, sans coh\u00e9rence ni contr\u00f4le. Viktor Khrapunov a obtenu du gouvernement kazakh l\u2019adoption d\u2019un arr\u00eat\u00e9 selon lequel une bande de 20 km a \u00e9t\u00e9 trac\u00e9e autour de la ville dans laquelle la r\u00e9gion ne pouvait plus intervenir sans le consentement de la ville et des architectes. Le maire s\u2019opposa \u00e9galement \u00e0 la construction de villas individuelles sur deux parcelles tr\u00e8s bien situ\u00e9es au centre ville et d\u00e9j\u00e0 vendues \u00e0 des promoteurs. A la place, il y fit construire un nouveau poumon vert pour la ville, avec un jardin public baptis\u00e9 \u00ab21<sup>e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle\u00bb et un terrain de golf.<\/p><p>Avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de Viktor Khrapunov \u00e0 la mairie, la construction de logements repris. Le maire fit achever tous les chantiers interrompus qui d\u00e9figuraient la ville. A son d\u00e9part, il n\u2019en restait aucun. Il favorisa la construction de logements destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la vente en PPE sur 29 hectares, attribu\u00e9s sur appel d\u2019offres, dans un quartier \u00e9cologiquement propre. Un nouveau quartier pouvant accueillir 15\u2019000 habitants vit le jour. La ville fit construire des logements pour les couches les plus d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es (v\u00e9t\u00e9rans de guerre, orphelins, retrait\u00e9s). Pour la premi\u00e8re fois au Kazakhstan, on fit construire des immeubles locatifs destin\u00e9s aux policiers de proximit\u00e9, qui pouvaient ainsi loger dans le quartier o\u00f9 ils travaillaient. Un effort particulier fut port\u00e9 sur les jardins et monuments de la ville pour leur redonner un style plus \u00e9l\u00e9gant et homog\u00e8ne. On fit planter des fleurs sur 40\u2019000 m<sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0de platebandes, terrasses et jardins.<\/p><p>Le plan de redressement qui comprenait 35 programmes permit des am\u00e9liorations rapides dans de nombreux autres domaines :<\/p><p><strong>Villages de tentes situ\u00e9s \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re ext\u00e9rieure de la ville<\/strong>. En 1989 des sans-abris d\u2019origine surtout indig\u00e8ne avaient squatt\u00e9 les terres appartenant au domaine public. Comprenant qu\u2019ils agissaient ill\u00e9galement, ces gens-l\u00e0 \u00e9taient pr\u00eats \u00e0 opposer une r\u00e9sistance aux autorit\u00e9s. Se rendant compte de la complexit\u00e9 du probl\u00e8me, le gouvernement du Kazakhstan d\u00e9cida de faire passer sous la responsabilit\u00e9 de la ville d\u2019Almaty ces terrains sur lesquels des dizaines de milliers de personnes vivaient dans des conditions insalubres. Viktor Khrapunov y a assur\u00e9 la construction des r\u00e9seaux techniques, des routes, des \u00e9coles, des ambulances, des \u00e9quipements publics.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dce8184 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dce8184\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fcfecee\" data-id=\"fcfecee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a72e05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a72e05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Offre culturelle<\/strong>. La mairie s\u2019attaqua \u00e0 la reconstruction du th\u00e9\u00e2tre lyrique Abay. La salle se trouvait dans un \u00e9tat d\u00e9plorable, mais le Minist\u00e8re de la culture, dont elle d\u00e9pendait, invoquait des probl\u00e8mes budg\u00e9taires pour ne rien faire. Viktor Khrapunov obtint de faire passer l\u2019institution \u00e0 la charge du budget municipal et s\u2019occupa de faire r\u00e9aliser dans un d\u00e9lai tr\u00e8s bref les travaux de reconstruction. Le th\u00e9\u00e2tre r\u00e9nov\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 inaugur\u00e9 en janvier 2001. D\u2019autres th\u00e9\u00e2tres \u2013 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre pour enfants Natalia Sats, le th\u00e9\u00e2tre cor\u00e9en, le th\u00e9\u00e2tre allemand \u2013 ont pu emm\u00e9nager dans de nouveaux locaux ; le th\u00e9\u00e2tre ou\u00efghour et celui du drame russe Lermontov ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9nov\u00e9s.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-81b2d1d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"81b2d1d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-83216b7\" data-id=\"83216b7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8864b91 gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"8864b91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-6844 {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-6844 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\t\twidth: 24.99%;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-6844 img {\n\t\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-6844 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\/* see sc_gallery() in functions\/theme-shortcodes.php *\/\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='sc_gallery-6844' class='gallery element_classes galleryid-3779 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumb288 file'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"8864b91\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"O\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b-\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIwMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvb2Jla3R5LWt1bHR1cnkuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiODg2NGI5MSJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"O\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"8864b91\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"O\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b-\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b2\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIwNywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvb2Jla3R5LWt1bHR1cnkyLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg4NjRiOTEifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury2.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury2-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"O\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury2-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury2-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/obekty-kultury2-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"8864b91\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430-\u0410.\u0421.-\u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443,-1999-\u0433\u043e\u0434\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIxMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvb3Rrcnl0aWUtcGFtamF0bmlrYS1hLnMuLXB1c2hraW51LTE5OTktZ29kLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg4NjRiOTEifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-a.s.-pushkinu-1999-god.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-a.s.-pushkinu-1999-god-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410.\u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443, 1999 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410.\u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443, 1999 \u0433\u043e\u0434\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-a.s.-pushkinu-1999-god-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-a.s.-pushkinu-1999-god-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-a.s.-pushkinu-1999-god-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-a.s.-pushkinu-1999-god-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"8864b91\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430-\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c---\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIxNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvb3Rrcnl0aWUtcGFtamF0bmlrYS12b2luYW0taW50ZXJuYWNpb25hbGlzdGFtLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6Ijg4NjRiOTEifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-voinam-internacionalistam.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-voinam-internacionalistam-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c - \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410.\u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443, 1999 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0410.\u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443, 1999 \u0433\u043e\u0434\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-voinam-internacionalistam-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-voinam-internacionalistam-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-voinam-internacionalistam-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-voinam-internacionalistam-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/otkrytie-pamjatnika-voinam-internacionalistam-672x675.jpg 672w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-34c73f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"34c73f2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-350ede2\" data-id=\"350ede2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1784c02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1784c02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Reconstruction de l\u2019a\u00e9roport<\/strong>. En juillet 1999, un grave incendie se produisit \u00e0 l\u2019a\u00e9roport d\u2019Almaty et le terminal pour passager fut enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9truit. Faute de moyens, le Minist\u00e8re des Transports, \u00e0 qui incombait la responsabilit\u00e9 du terminal en question, n\u2019entreprit rien pour sa reconstruction. Pour les voyageurs arrivant \u00e0 Almaty, le spectacle de cette carcasse en ruine \u00e9tait d\u00e9solant. Finalement, c\u2019est la mairie qui s\u2019occupa du chantier gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une garantie de d\u00e9ficit \u00e9mise par le Minist\u00e8re des Finances. L\u2019entreprise allemande Philipp Holzmann allait d\u00e9buter les travaux lorsqu\u2019intervint une intrigue politique du Premier ministre de l\u2019\u00e9poque, en association avec la r\u00e9gion d\u2019Almaty. Ensemble, ils lanc\u00e8rent un projet improbable, \u00e0 savoir la construction d\u2019un nouvel a\u00e9roport \u00e0 65 km d\u2019Almaty qui devait se voir attribuer tous les droits d\u2019atterrissage et de d\u00e9collage des vols internationaux. Sit\u00f4t qu\u2019ils en eurent vent, les Allemands s\u2019en all\u00e8rent. Finalement, apr\u00e8s des d\u00e9marches infructueuses aupr\u00e8s de plusieurs investisseurs \u00e9trangers, un accord fut trouv\u00e9 avec la Depfa Bank qui permit de terminer un chantier \u00e0 53 millions de dollars. Le nouveau terminal fut inaugur\u00e9 en grandes pompes en d\u00e9cembre 2003.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8af7ac8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8af7ac8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46f70d1\" data-id=\"46f70d1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8f4b06\" data-id=\"f8f4b06\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80d0b87 gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"80d0b87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-6957 {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-6957 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\t\twidth: 49.99%;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-6957 img {\n\t\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-6957 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\/* see sc_gallery() in functions\/theme-shortcodes.php *\/\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='sc_gallery-6957' class='gallery element_classes galleryid-3779 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-thumb288 file'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"80d0b87\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Terminal de l&#039;a\u00e9roport d&#039;Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIxOSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvdGVybWluYWwtYWplcm9wb3J0YS1nLi1hbG1hdHkuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiODBkMGI4NyJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/terminal-ajeroporta-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/terminal-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"Terminal de l&#039;a\u00e9roport d&#039;Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/terminal-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/terminal-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/terminal-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/terminal-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"80d0b87\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430-\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430-\u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430-\u0433.-\u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIyMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvemFrbGFka2EtZnVuZGFtZW50YS1wYXNzYXpoaXJza29nby10ZXJtaW5hbGEtYWplcm9wb3J0YS1nLi1hbG1hdHkuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiODBkMGI4NyJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zakladka-fundamenta-passazhirskogo-terminala-ajeroporta-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zakladka-fundamenta-passazhirskogo-terminala-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0433. \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zakladka-fundamenta-passazhirskogo-terminala-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zakladka-fundamenta-passazhirskogo-terminala-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zakladka-fundamenta-passazhirskogo-terminala-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zakladka-fundamenta-passazhirskogo-terminala-ajeroporta-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ccc2876\" data-id=\"ccc2876\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ed0829 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ed0829\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c65e3b2\" data-id=\"c65e3b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a64a6fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a64a6fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Eau potable<\/strong>. A Almaty, mal habitu\u00e9e par un syst\u00e8me communiste d\u00e9responsabilisant, la population consommait l\u2019eau sans discernement. A la fin de l\u2019\u00e9poque sovi\u00e9tique, cela repr\u00e9sentait 400 millions de m<span style=\"font-size: 10.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em;\">3<\/span> d\u2019eau par ann\u00e9e qu\u2019il fallait pomper, purifier, distribuer puis r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer \u00e0 grands frais. Viktor Khrapunov fit installer partout des compteurs individuels, permettant d\u2019adresser \u00e0 chacun des factures d\u00e9taill\u00e9es, ce qui eut pour cons\u00e9quence une diminution sensible de la consommation d\u2019eau par habitant. Cette mesure incitative produisit des effets rapides et profonds : en 2004, la ville ne consommait plus que 267 millions de m<sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0d\u2019eau.<\/p><p><strong style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Education<\/strong>. Entre l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance du pays, en 1991, et l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de Viktor Khrapunov \u00e0 la t\u00eate de la mairie d\u2019Almaty, en 1997, aucune \u00e9cole n\u2019avait \u00e9t\u00e9 construite en ville. En 1997, la ville disposait de 55\u2019000 places seulement alors qu\u2019il fallait accueillir 73\u2019000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves. Plusieurs \u00e9coles avaient commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 rationner l\u2019utilisation des salles. Entre 1997 et 2004, douze \u00e9tablissements scolaires pouvant accueillir 12\u2019000 \u00e9l\u00e8ves suppl\u00e9mentaires furent construits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94bb1f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94bb1f0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ebeee4\" data-id=\"6ebeee4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-05b083f\" data-id=\"05b083f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3513f4b gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"3513f4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-8144 {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-8144 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\t\twidth: 49.99%;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-8144 img {\n\t\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-8144 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\/* see sc_gallery() in functions\/theme-shortcodes.php *\/\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='sc_gallery-8144' class='gallery element_classes galleryid-3779 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-thumb288 file'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"3513f4b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"B\u00e2timent scolaire abandonn\u00e9 \u00e0 Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIyNywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvemFicm9zaGVubm9lLXpkYW5pZS1zaGtvbHktZy4tYWxtYXR5LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjM1MTNmNGIifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennoe-zdanie-shkoly-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennoe-zdanie-shkoly-g.-almaty-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"B\u00e2timent scolaire abandonn\u00e9 \u00e0 Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennoe-zdanie-shkoly-g.-almaty-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennoe-zdanie-shkoly-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennoe-zdanie-shkoly-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/zabroshennoe-zdanie-shkoly-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"3513f4b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435-\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435-\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b-\u0433.-\u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIzMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvc292cmVtZW5ub2UtemRhbmllLXNoa29seS1nLi1hbG1hdHkuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMzUxM2Y0YiJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sovremennoe-zdanie-shkoly-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/sovremennoe-zdanie-shkoly-g.-almaty-288x274.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0433. \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9700754\" data-id=\"9700754\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-21010a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"21010a0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd55428\" data-id=\"bd55428\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3741d95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3741d95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Voirie<\/strong>. Le maire passa un contrat avec une entreprise su\u00e9doise qui devait fournir les installations permettant de collecter, de sortir de la ville et d\u2019enfouir les d\u00e9chets durs. 5000 conteneurs de type europ\u00e9en furent r\u00e9partis dans la ville pour la r\u00e9colte des d\u00e9chets. Une usine de tri et de transformation des d\u00e9chets fut construite et mise en service.<\/p><p><strong>Soutien aux plus d\u00e9munis<\/strong>. La grande majorit\u00e9 des v\u00e9t\u00e9rans et invalides kazakhes de la Seconde Guerre mondiale vivaient \u00e0 Almaty (260\u2019000 personnes). Une loi accordait des privil\u00e8ges \u00e0 cette g\u00e9n\u00e9ration sacrifi\u00e9e, mais elle n\u2019\u00e9tait plus appliqu\u00e9e. Viktor Khrapunov a fait tout son possible pour cette population qui lui tenait particuli\u00e8rement \u00e0 c\u0153ur : leurs tr\u00e8s modestes pensions, enfin r\u00e9gl\u00e9es \u00e0 temps, furent compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par une rallonge. Ceux qui, pour raisons m\u00e9dicales, devaient pouvoir disposer d\u2019un v\u00e9hicule individuel le re\u00e7urent enfin. Le maire prit \u00e9galement une s\u00e9rie de mesures pour soutenir les orphelins et les handicap\u00e9s. Viktor Khrapunov a fait construire une maison pour les v\u00e9t\u00e9rans pouvant accueillir 500 personnes, un centre de diagnostic \u00e9quip\u00e9 d\u2019installations modernes, un hospice pour les malades incurables en fin de vie ainsi qu\u2019une \u00e9cole pour les enfants handicap\u00e9s moteurs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc503e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc503e6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21d20f0\" data-id=\"21d20f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c51eb8b\" data-id=\"c51eb8b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfea52b gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"bfea52b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9697 {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9697 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\t\twidth: 49.99%;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9697 img {\n\t\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9697 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\/* see sc_gallery() in functions\/theme-shortcodes.php *\/\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='sc_gallery-9697' class='gallery element_classes galleryid-3779 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-thumb288 file'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"bfea52b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Avec N. Shalov, Pr\u00e9sident du Conseil des V\u00e9t\u00e9rans d&#039;Almaty\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIzNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvcy1uLi1zaGFsb3Z5bS1wcmVkc2VkYXRlbGVtLXNvdmV0YS12ZXRlcmFub3YtZy4tYWxtYXR5LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImJmZWE1MmIifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/s-n.-shalovym-predsedatelem-soveta-veteranov-g.-almaty.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/s-n.-shalovym-predsedatelem-soveta-veteranov-g.-almaty-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"Avec N. Shalov, Pr\u00e9sident du Conseil des V\u00e9t\u00e9rans d&#039;Almaty\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/s-n.-shalovym-predsedatelem-soveta-veteranov-g.-almaty-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/s-n.-shalovym-predsedatelem-soveta-veteranov-g.-almaty-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/s-n.-shalovym-predsedatelem-soveta-veteranov-g.-almaty-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/s-n.-shalovym-predsedatelem-soveta-veteranov-g.-almaty-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"bfea52b\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"9-\u043c\u0430\u044f-2004-\u0433\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDIzOSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvOS1tYWphLTIwMDQtZy5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJiZmVhNTJiIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/9-maja-2004-g.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/9-maja-2004-g-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"9 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2004 \u0433.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/9-maja-2004-g-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/9-maja-2004-g-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/9-maja-2004-g-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/9-maja-2004-g-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-860699f\" data-id=\"860699f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa12f82 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa12f82\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b05de3e\" data-id=\"b05de3e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-221fa4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"221fa4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En d\u00e9cembre 2004, lorsqu\u2019il dut quitter la mairie d\u2019Almaty, Viktor Khrapunov pouvait se montrer fier du travail accompli. En sept ans, la ville avait compl\u00e8tement chang\u00e9 de visage. La qualit\u00e9 de vie s\u2019y \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s sensiblement am\u00e9lior\u00e9e. Pendant toutes ces ann\u00e9es, il s\u2019engagea sans r\u00e9pit au service des habitants de la ville et ces derniers le lui rendirent bien : Viktor Khrapunov \u00e9tait un maire populaire, appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 et respect\u00e9. Son travail et son engagement lui valurent d\u2019ailleurs une reconnaissance officielle. De 2000 \u00e0 2005, six ann\u00e9es d\u2019affil\u00e9es, il fut d\u00e9sign\u00e9 \u00ab Personnalit\u00e9 de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00bb dans la cat\u00e9gorie des meilleurs maires. En 2002, il fut d\u00e9sign\u00e9 \u00ab Homme d\u2019Etat de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00bb. En 2005, il fut \u00e9lu \u00ab Meilleur maire de l\u2019ann\u00e9e \u00bb dans la cat\u00e9gorie Introduction de nouvelles technologies. A ce bilan \u00e9logieux, un point central doit encore \u00eatre ajout\u00e9 : lorsqu\u2019il quitta son poste de maire d\u2019Almaty, la ville \u00e9tait encore propri\u00e9taire de toutes ses infrastructures. Dans un pays o\u00f9 le clan pr\u00e9sidentiel consid\u00e8re les biens publics comme des marchandises priv\u00e9es \u00e0 sa disposition pour s\u2019enrichir de mani\u00e8re \u00e9hont\u00e9e sur le dos de la population, ce fait m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre soulign\u00e9 avec force. Durant son mandat \u00e0 la t\u00eate d\u2019Almaty, Viktor Khrapunov dut r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement affronter les membres de la famille Nazarbayev lui enjoignant de signer tel document ou de prendre telle mesure pour favoriser leur enrichissement personnel. Il s\u2019y opposa syst\u00e9matiquement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf3f4da elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf3f4da\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a1e909e\" data-id=\"a1e909e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac7ca58\" data-id=\"ac7ca58\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac45cdd gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"ac45cdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<style type='text\/css'>\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9172 {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9172 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\t\twidth: 49.99%;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9172 img {\n\t\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t#sc_gallery-9172 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\/* see sc_gallery() in functions\/theme-shortcodes.php *\/\n\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='sc_gallery-9172' class='gallery element_classes galleryid-3779 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-thumb288 file'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac45cdd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Pr\u00e9sentation de l&#039;Ordre de Parasat. 2000 ans\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDI0MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvMjAwMC1nLi12cnVjaGVuaWUtb3JkZW5hLXBhcmFzYXQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYWM0NWNkZCJ9\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2000-g.-vruchenie-ordena-parasat.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2000-g.-vruchenie-ordena-parasat-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"Pr\u00e9sentation de l&#039;Ordre de Parasat. 2000 ans\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2000-g.-vruchenie-ordena-parasat-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2000-g.-vruchenie-ordena-parasat-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2000-g.-vruchenie-ordena-parasat-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2000-g.-vruchenie-ordena-parasat-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"ac45cdd\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u0412.-\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443-\u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442-\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b-\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439-\u043c\u044d\u0440-\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430,-2004-\u0433\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDI0NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3d3dy52aWt0b3JraHJhcHVub3YuY29tXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIxXC8wOVwvdi4taHJhcHVub3Z1LXZydWNoYWp1dC10aXR1bC1sdWNoc2hpai1tamVyLWthemFoc3RhbmEtMjAwNC1nLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImFjNDVjZGQifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/v.-hrapunovu-vruchajut-titul-luchshij-mjer-kazahstana-2004-g.jpg'><img width=\"288\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/v.-hrapunovu-vruchajut-titul-luchshij-mjer-kazahstana-2004-g-288x288.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumb288 size-thumb288\" alt=\"\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u044d\u0440 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430, 2004 \u0433.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/v.-hrapunovu-vruchajut-titul-luchshij-mjer-kazahstana-2004-g-288x288.jpg 288w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/v.-hrapunovu-vruchajut-titul-luchshij-mjer-kazahstana-2004-g-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/v.-hrapunovu-vruchajut-titul-luchshij-mjer-kazahstana-2004-g-85x85.jpg 85w, https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/v.-hrapunovu-vruchajut-titul-luchshij-mjer-kazahstana-2004-g-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" title=\"Mairie d\u2019Almaty\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77fe9a9\" data-id=\"77fe9a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f0e8a84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f0e8a84\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c5ed24\" data-id=\"6c5ed24\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-672cbbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"672cbbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Durant son mandat, Viktor Khrapunov intervint aupr\u00e8s du Premier ministre et du Pr\u00e9sident pour faire annuler le transfert du r\u00e9seau de distribution de gaz de la ville vers une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e Energocentr. En 2006, ce r\u00e9seau a \u00e9t\u00e9 rachet\u00e9 par le gendre du pr\u00e9sident, Timur Koulibayev, pour la somme de 62 millions de dollars. Selon l\u2019information fournie par A. Goncharov, la personne qui a servi d\u2019interm\u00e9diaire, 50% du montant a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9troc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 Kulibayev (\u00ab otkat \u00bb).<\/p><p>Lorsqu\u2019il d\u00e9cida d\u2019autoriser le changement d\u2019affectation des logements et bureaux en surfaces commerciales, le maire re\u00e7ut la visite de personnalit\u00e9s tr\u00e8s respect\u00e9es de la ville venues lui proposer une affaire. Elles le pri\u00e8rent de retarder de quelques mois l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du nouveau r\u00e8glement pour leur permettre de racheter \u00e0 bas prix les appartements de la ville situ\u00e9s aux rez-de-chauss\u00e9e. Man\u0153uvre d\u2019autant plus ais\u00e9e que ceux-ci n\u2019\u00e9taient pas tr\u00e8s pris\u00e9s des habitants de la ville, notamment pour des questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Ensuite, apr\u00e8s l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du nouveau r\u00e8glement, ils auraient pu les revendre aux kiosquiers oblig\u00e9s de quitter leurs trottoirs, avec l\u2019assurance de r\u00e9aliser de juteux b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. B\u00e9n\u00e9fices que l\u2019on se propose bien entendu de partager avec le maire. Une fois de plus, Viktor Khrapunov refusa de se laisser corrompre.<\/p><p>L\u2019une des filles du pr\u00e9sident, Dariga Nazarbayeva, voulut s\u2019approprier des surfaces administratives pour y loger ses soci\u00e9t\u00e9s (<i>NTK, Khabar, KTK, Karavan<\/i>). Viktor Khrapunov exigea que la transaction se fasse \u00e0 la valeur v\u00e9nale des immeubles, soit environ 1500 dollars\/m<sup>2<\/sup>. Sur instruction du pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 la R\u00e9gie nationale des biens publics, sa fille put obtenir ces bureaux, en contournant la mairie, pour 50 dollars\/m<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p><p>Lorsque Viktor Khrapunov entra en fonction, l\u2019a\u00e9roport d\u2019Almaty avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 partiellement transf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la famille Nazarbayev. En effet, Timur Koulibayev et Nurzhan Subhanberdin avaient fait main basse sur les infrastructures de l\u2019a\u00e9roport, d\u2019une valeur de 22 millions de dollars, sous pr\u00e9texte que l\u2019a\u00e9roport ne pouvait pas rembourser un cr\u00e9dit de 3 millions accord\u00e9 par la banque KazKommerzBank. Le nouveau maire rassembla les documents prouvant que cette acquisition s\u2019\u00e9tait faite dans l\u2019ill\u00e9galit\u00e9 et les remit au Pr\u00e9sident, mais ses d\u00e9marches rest\u00e8rent vaines. Le terminal des passagers, quant \u00e0 lui, resta propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de la ville jusqu\u2019au d\u00e9part de Viktor Khrapunov, qui s\u2019opposa \u00e0 toute privatisation. L\u2019une des premi\u00e8res actions de son successeur, Tasmangambetov, fut de l\u2019offrir pour une bouch\u00e9e de pain \u00e0 SAT &amp; Company, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 appartenant \u00e0 son propre gendre Rakishev, lui-m\u00eame partenaire en affaires de Timur Koulibayev. Ils se virent offrir une concession de 20 ans pour un loyer annuel de 3,5 millions, alors que les droits li\u00e9s aux vols internationaux rapportaient \u00e0 eux seuls pr\u00e8s de 24 millions par ann\u00e9e. Pr\u00e9judice pour les caisses de la ville : plus de 400 millions de dollars sur 20 ans. Sans compter que les nouveaux propri\u00e9taires ne rembours\u00e8rent pas un centime \u00e0 la ville des 60 millions de dollars investis dans la reconstruction du terminal \u2013 contrairement \u00e0 une exigence mainte fois formul\u00e9e par l\u2019ancien maire.<\/p><p>Les prises de position de Viktor Khrapunov, ses refus r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s de mouiller dans des transactions douteuses ou carr\u00e9ment ill\u00e9gales, firent de lui la cible d\u2019attaques et de campagnes de d\u00e9nigrement dans les m\u00e9dias contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par la famille pr\u00e9sidentielle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eab467d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eab467d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac5a4d4\" data-id=\"ac5a4d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-303aedf elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"303aedf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eaea689 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eaea689\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73162b5\" data-id=\"73162b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15ef311 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15ef311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">M\u00e9dias en russe : <\/span><\/strong><\/p><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-000.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412.\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0433. \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 18.06.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-002.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u00ab\u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 26.09.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-001.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0411\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0443, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 8.10.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-008.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0433. \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 31.10.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-013.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0433. \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 5.11.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-006.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00ab\u041d\u0430\u0448 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438\u00bb, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 6.11.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-012.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044e \u2013 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 19.11.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-011.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0433. \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 21.11.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-082.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 5.12.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-081.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0414\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b!, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 10.12.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-010.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0433. \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 19.12.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-009.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0433. \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 29.12.1997<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-014.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0418\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0412.\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 XVI \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 5.01.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-016.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0414\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0430\u0437!?, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 12.01.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-016.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 22.01.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-017.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 16.02.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-019.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0423\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u2013 \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u044f, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 18.02.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-022.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u00ab\u041d\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b\u00bb, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 05.03.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-020.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e \u2013 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 16.03.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-021.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 10.04.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-039.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u00ab\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u00bb, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 14.04.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-027.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, 1998<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-025.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u201c\u041d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u201d, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 17.04.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-091.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0421\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u201c\u0410\u043a \u0416\u043e\u043b\u201d, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 26.05.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-061.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u201c\u0412 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u044c!\u201d, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 29.05.1998<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-024.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435\u043c, N 12 \u0416\u0443\u043c\u0430-\u041f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044c 1998<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-023.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 31.04.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-026.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0420\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 14.05.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-034.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0418\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 23.06.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-033.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 5.07.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-032.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 6.07.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-065.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 07.07.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-064.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u2013 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 12.07.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-091.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043b\u0438 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u043a \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 23.07.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-029.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0410\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b, \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0410\u043a\u0448\u0430\u043c\u044b<\/a>, 22.09.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-035.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u00ab\u0417\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u044d\u0440\u0430 \u044f \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f\u00bb, \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a>, 8.10.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-037.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 19.10.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-062.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u043c \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0446\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u041a<\/a>, 14.11.1999<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-099.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0422\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435?, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 24.01.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-083.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439?, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 24.01.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-066.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0411\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c, \u0412\u0438\u0442\u044f!, \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f<\/a>, 3.02.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-041.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0410\u043a\u0438\u043c \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 28.04.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-040.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0410\u043a\u0438\u043c \u042e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 3.05.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-043.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u044c \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 26.05.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-044.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041c\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u2013 \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430, \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 17.06.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-045.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u00ab\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u00bb, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 23.06.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-048.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 19.08.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-094.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0430\u043c, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 7.10.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-049.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 7.10.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-050.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 14.10.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-051.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/a>, 29.11.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-087.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041a\u0430\u0437i\u0440 \u0430\u043a\u0448\u0430 \u0436\u043e\u043a, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u043e?, \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u041a<\/a>, 15.12.2000<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-031.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, 2000<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-052.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0414\u043e\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 5.05.2001<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-053.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0412. \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432: \u00ab\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u2013 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u044f \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u00bb, \u041c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0441<\/a>, 31.08.2001<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-056.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u043a\u043a\u0435\u044f, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 9.04.2003<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-092.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0410\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430-\u0410\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u041a\u041f \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d<\/a>, 17.04.2003<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-057.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0418\u0437 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u2013 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c!, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a>, 28.05.2003<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-072.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0418\u0437 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430-\u0410\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044e, \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d<\/a>, 12.07.2003<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-068.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041a 2005 \u0433. \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430-\u0410\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u041a\u041f \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d<\/a>, 29.10.2003<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-069.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041b\u0435\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b, \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430, \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u041a<\/a>, 23.11.2003<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-088.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0428\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b, 2003<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-070.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041d\u0430\u0448 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444 \u2013 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0410\u0438\u0424, \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044c 2003<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/akimat\/akimat-071.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433 \u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a>, 26.12.2003<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e3b9938 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e3b9938\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fcca93\" data-id=\"8fcca93\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba407da elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ba407da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.8.0 - 30-10-2022 *\/\n.elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));-ms-flex-item-align:stretch;align-self:stretch;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 la t\u00eate de la mairie d\u2019Almaty Le 15 juin 1997, Noursoultan Nazarbayev convoqua Viktor Khrapunov. Apr\u00e8s l\u2019avoir remerci\u00e9 pour le travail accompli depuis trois ans<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3360,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3779"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3779"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3779\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4254,"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3779\/revisions\/4254"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.viktorkhrapunov.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3779"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}